:root{--lightningcss-light:initial;--lightningcss-dark: ;color-scheme:light;--page:#f6f6f2;--surface-1:#fcfcfb;--ink:#161616;--ink-2:#52514e;--ink-3:#898781;--rule:#d9d8d0;--grid:#e1e0d9;--accent:#2a78d6;--accent-2:#eb6834;--good:#0ca30c;--warn:#c98500;--bad:#d03b3b;--serif:"Source Serif 4", Charter, "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;--sans:"IBM Plex Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--text-secondary:var(--ink-2);--panel-w:380px}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}body{background:var(--page);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin:0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.5}a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:2px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px}code{font-family:var(--sans);background:var(--surface-1);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;padding:0 .3em;font-size:.9em}.hero{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:48px 32px 28px}.hero .kicker{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);margin:0 0 6px;font-size:14px}.hero h1{letter-spacing:-.02em;max-width:32ch;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,50px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.08}.standfirst{max-width:70ch;margin:0;font-size:18px;line-height:1.45}.standfirst p{margin:8px 0 0}.in-depth{margin:0 0 16px}.in-depth>summary{cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--accent);align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:4px 0;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;list-style:none;display:inline-flex}.in-depth>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.in-depth>summary:before{content:"";border-top:5px solid #0000;border-bottom:5px solid #0000;border-left:7px solid;width:0;height:0;transition:transform .15s}.in-depth[open]>summary:before{transform:rotate(90deg)}.in-depth>summary:after{content:""}.in-depth-question>summary{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--ink);gap:10px;font-size:24px;font-weight:600}.in-depth-question>summary:before{color:var(--accent);border-top-width:7px;border-bottom-width:7px;border-left-width:9px}.toc{font-family:var(--sans);grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:4px 28px;font-size:14px;display:grid}.toc a{color:var(--ink);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:5px 0;text-decoration:none}.toc a b{color:var(--accent);margin-right:8px;font-weight:600}.toc a:hover{color:var(--accent)}main{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 32px 60px}.section{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:40px 0 20px}.section-head{align-items:baseline;gap:16px;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex}.section-number{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--accent);border:1.5px solid var(--accent);border-radius:999px;flex:none;place-items:center;width:28px;height:28px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;display:inline-grid}.section h2{letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:0;font-size:clamp(26px,3vw,34px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.1}.section-subtitle{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);margin:6px 0 0;font-size:17px}.section-head>div{min-width:0}.section h3{column-span:all;margin:14px 0 6px;font-size:19px;font-weight:600}.section-text{column-count:2;column-rule:1px solid var(--grid);column-gap:44px;max-width:1180px;margin:6px 0 10px}.section-text .prose p:first-child{margin-top:0}.section-body-plain{max-width:80ch}.prose p{break-inside:avoid-column;margin:0 0 .9em}.prose em{font-style:italic}.math{font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap;font-size:.95em}.aside{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);border-left:3px solid var(--rule);margin:10px 0;padding-left:12px;font-size:14px}@media (max-width:900px){.section-text{column-count:1}.hero,main{padding-left:18px;padding-right:18px}}.cite{font-family:var(--sans);vertical-align:super;margin-left:1px;font-size:.66em;line-height:0}.cite a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.cite-missing{color:var(--bad)}.claim{cursor:help}.claim[data-status=partially] .cite a{color:var(--warn)}.claim[data-status=unverified] .cite a,.claim[data-status=assumption] .cite a{color:var(--ink-3)}.claim-card{z-index:20;background:var(--surface-1);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans);padding:12px 14px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.45;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 6px 24px #0000001f}.claim-card .status{margin-right:8px}.claim-note{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:6px;font-size:.93em}.claim-link{margin-top:8px;font-size:12.5px;display:block}.status{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:.02em;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid;border-radius:999px;padding:1px 7px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600}.status-verified{color:var(--good)}.status-partially{color:var(--warn)}.status-unverified{color:var(--ink-3)}.status-derived,.status-assumption{color:var(--accent)}.assumption-tag{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);font-size:13.5px}.figure{background:var(--surface-1);border:1px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) var(--panel-w);align-items:start;gap:10px 22px;margin:0;padding:14px 16px 10px;display:grid}.figure figcaption{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);border-top:1px solid var(--grid);grid-column:1/-1;margin:0;padding-top:8px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.45}.viz{flex-direction:column;gap:8px;min-width:0;display:flex}.figure-wide{grid-template-columns:1fr}.figure-wide .controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:6px 24px}.figure-wide .controls:has(>:nth-child(3):last-child){grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.figure-wide .controls:has(>:nth-child(5)){grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:6px 18px}.head-drag{cursor:grab;touch-action:none}.dim-controls{align-items:flex-start;gap:24px;display:flex}.dim-controls .controls{flex:1}.dim-controls .choice-group{order:2;margin-top:24px}.viz-box{flex-direction:column;gap:4px;min-width:0;display:flex}.viz-title{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.figure-note{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin-top:0}.section-note{margin-bottom:18px}.section.question{border-bottom:none;padding:18px 0 6px}.figure-note .panel{display:none}.figure-note figcaption{color:var(--ink);border-top:none;padding-top:0;font-size:14.5px}.sync-svg{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.viz-row{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;gap:14px;display:flex}.viz-row>*{flex:320px;min-width:0}.panel{flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0;display:flex}@media (max-width:980px){.figure{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.plot{position:relative}.plot-svg{width:100%;font-family:var(--sans);display:block}.plot-svg .axis text{fill:var(--ink-2);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:13px}.plot-svg .axis path,.plot-svg .axis line{stroke:var(--rule)}.plot-svg .grid line{stroke:var(--grid)}.plot-svg .axis-label{fill:var(--ink);font-size:14px}.plot-svg .marker-label,.plot-svg .band-label{fill:var(--ink-2);font-size:13px}.plot-svg .crosshair{stroke:var(--ink-3);stroke-dasharray:2 2}.plot-svg .callout-text{fill:var(--ink);font-size:13px}.plot-svg .callout-box{fill:#fcfcfbeb;stroke:var(--rule)}.plot-svg .callout-line{stroke:var(--ink-2)}.tooltip{pointer-events:none;background:var(--surface-1);border:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans);min-width:150px;padding:6px 9px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 2px 10px #00000014}.tooltip .tip-x{color:var(--ink-2)}.tooltip i,.legend i{vertical-align:-1px;border-radius:2px;width:10px;height:10px;margin-right:6px;display:inline-block}.legend{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:3px 14px;margin-top:2px;font-size:13.5px;display:flex}.legend i{vertical-align:3px;border-radius:0;width:16px;height:0}.legend i.legend-dot{vertical-align:-1px;border-radius:50%;width:10px;height:10px}.legend-item{white-space:nowrap}.legend-inside{border:1px solid var(--grid);pointer-events:none;background:#fcfcfbe0;border-radius:3px;flex-direction:column;gap:2px;margin:0;padding:4px 8px;position:absolute}.glow{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--surface-1);width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.sw-i{vertical-align:-1px;margin:0 3px 0 1px;display:inline-block}.sw-patch{border-radius:2px;width:12px;height:12px}.sw-line{vertical-align:3px;width:20px;height:0}.sw-glow{border:1px solid var(--grid);width:26px;height:11px}.caption-toggle{font-family:var(--sans);border-top:1px solid var(--grid);grid-column:1/-1;padding-top:8px;font-size:13.5px}.caption-toggle summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink-2)}.caption-toggle figcaption{border-top:none;padding-top:6px}.glow-legend{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 8px;font-size:13.5px;display:flex}.glow-legend .sw{border:1px solid var(--grid);width:54px;height:10px;display:inline-block}.glow-legend .note{margin-left:6px}.viz-caption{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);font-size:14px}.controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(175px,1fr));gap:6px 16px;display:grid}.slider{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;display:block}.slider-label{color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25;display:block}.slider-label .cite{font-weight:400}.slider output{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--ink-2);white-space:nowrap;margin-top:1px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3;display:block}.slider input[type=range]{width:100%;accent-color:var(--accent);height:18px;margin:0;display:block}.slider-marks{height:26px;position:relative}.slider-mark{color:var(--ink-2);white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;font-size:12px;line-height:1.1;position:absolute;top:0;transform:translate(-50%)}.slider-mark.mark-end{text-align:right;transform:translate(-100%)}.slider-mark.mark-start{text-align:left;transform:none}.slider-mark i{border-left:5px solid #0000;border-right:5px solid #0000;border-bottom:7px solid var(--accent);width:0;height:0;margin:-2px auto 2px;display:block}.slider-mark.mark-end i{margin-right:0}.slider-mark.mark-start i{margin-left:0}.choice{font-family:var(--sans);flex-direction:column;gap:4px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.choice-group{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;display:flex}.choice-group button{font:inherit;border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;padding:3px 9px}.choice-group button[aria-checked=true]{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:#fff}.btn{font:inherit;font-family:var(--sans);border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 10px;font-size:14px}.btn:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}.readouts{border-top:1px solid var(--grid);grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(124px,1fr));gap:8px 16px;padding-top:8px;display:grid}.readout{font-family:var(--sans);flex-direction:column;gap:1px;display:flex}.readout-value{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.01em;font-size:17px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}.readout-label{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:13px;line-height:1.3}.readouts.verdict{border-top:none;flex:0 0 300px;grid-template-columns:1fr;align-content:start;gap:12px;padding-top:0}.readouts.verdict .readout-value{font-size:22px}.dims-row{align-items:flex-start;gap:20px}.assumptions{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13.5px}.assumptions summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink-2)}.assumptions table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin-top:6px}.assumptions td{vertical-align:top;border-top:1px solid var(--grid);padding:4px 8px 4px 0}.assumptions td:first-child{color:var(--ink-2);width:30%}.panel-note{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);font-size:14px}.mini-table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-family:var(--sans);border-top:1px solid var(--grid);font-size:13.5px}.mini-table th{text-align:left;color:var(--ink-2);border-bottom:1px solid var(--grid);padding:6px 6px 4px 0;font-weight:600}.mini-table td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--grid);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap;padding:3px 6px 3px 0}.mini-table td i{vertical-align:-1px;border-radius:2px;width:9px;height:9px;margin-right:6px;display:inline-block}.strip-path{fill:none;stroke-width:1px}.strip-base{stroke:var(--grid);stroke-width:1px}.strip-sep{fill:var(--grid)}.strip-name{font-family:var(--sans);fill:var(--ink);font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.strip-sub{font-family:var(--sans);fill:var(--ink-2);font-size:12px;font-style:italic}.strip-box{fill:#eb68340f;stroke:var(--accent-2);stroke-width:1.5px}.strip-scale{font-family:var(--sans);fill:var(--ink-2);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:13px}.strip-note{font-family:var(--sans);fill:var(--ink-2);font-size:12.5px}.claims-table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-family:var(--sans);margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.45}.claims-table th{text-align:left;color:var(--ink-2);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:6px 10px 6px 0;font-weight:600}.claims-table td{vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--grid);padding:7px 10px 7px 0}.claims-table tr:target td{background:#2a78d614}.claim-sec{color:var(--ink-2);white-space:nowrap}.references{font-family:var(--sans);padding-left:28px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.5}.references li{margin-bottom:5px}.references li:target{background:#2a78d61a}.site-foot{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:28px;font-size:13px}